{"id":281,"date":"2026-10-12T09:38:21","date_gmt":"2026-10-12T16:38:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pamorte.com\/?p=281"},"modified":"2026-10-12T09:46:55","modified_gmt":"2026-10-12T16:46:55","slug":"thai-junta-politics-patani-conflict","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pamorte.com\/id\/read\/thai-junta-politics-patani-conflict\/","title":{"rendered":"Politik Junta Thailand mempengaruhi Penyelesaian Konflik di Patani"},"content":{"rendered":"

Oleh : Maun Kagawasan.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Politik junta militer dan pergantian rezim di Thailand sangat mempengaruhi arah penyelesaian konflik separatisme di wilayah selatan (Patani, Yala, Narathiwat, dan sebagian Songkhla).<\/p>\n

Pengaruh Politik Junta Militer terhadap penyelesaian konflik antara Bangkok-Patani mengakibatkan political will pemerintah Thailand tidak konsisten. Pada satu sisi bersepakat untuk berdialog, terbuka dan jalur belakang, namun pada sisi lain saat dialog berlangsung para delegasi pemerintah Thailand tidak mau mengakui setiap isu yang dibicarakan dan disepakati. Kondisi demikian, dipengaruhi oleh dualism pandangan penyelesaian konflik di Thailand Selatan antara pemerintah sipil yang didominasi oleh pengaruh militer yang semakin kuat pengaruh junta.<\/p>\n

Thailand memiliki Sejarah panjang atas keberadaan Junta, junta dan kudeta militer di Thailand dimulai setelah Revolusi Siam 1932, mengubah sistem pemerintahan dari monarki absolut menjadi monarki konstitusional. Sejak saat itu, militer menjadi aktor politik yang sangat dominan dan berulang kali mengambil alih kekuasaan. Selanjutnya tahun 1947\u20131957: Militer meluncurkan serangkaian kudeta di bawah tokoh seperti Laksamana Muda Thawan Thamrongnawasawat, Jenderal Phibunsongkhram (Kudeta Senyap 1951), hingga Jenderal Sarit Thanarat pada tahun 1957.<\/p>\n

Kemudian tahun 1973, yaitu peristiwa 14 November dimana terjadinya pemberontakan besar mahasiswa dan rakyat berhasil meruntuhkan rezim militer Thanom Kittikachorn, membuka jalan bagi periode singkat demokrasi. Pada tahun 1976, Militer kembali melakukan kudeta berdarah untuk menumpas gerakan kiri\/mahasiswa di Universitas Thammasat. Berulang kembali pada tahun 2006, Militer meluncurkan kudeta menggulingkan Perdana Menteri Thaksin Shinawatra di tengah polarisasi politik yang tajam antara kelompok pro-monarki dan pro-Thaksin. Padahal dibawah kepemimpinan PM Thaksin Sinawathra, pertumbuhan ekonomi Thailand maju pesat dan Pembangunan infrastruktur sangat hebat. Dan terakhir pada tahun 2014, Panglima Angkatan Darat Jenderal Prayuth Chan-ocha memimpin kudeta terhadap pemerintahan sipil Yingluck Shinawatra.<\/p>\n

Pengaruh terhadap Demokrasi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Secara umum dapat dijelaskan bahwa junta militer telah menanamkan pengaruh institusional yang begitu dalam pada tata Kelola pemerintahan di Thailand. Kondisi demikian telah menciptakan \"supremasi militer atas otoritas sipil\". Meskipun perlawanan tiada henti dari kelompok pemuda dan gerakan sosial (seperti protes massal 2020-2021) yang menuntut reformasi politik total agar Thailand dapat keluar dari bayang-bayang otoritarianisme militer. Namun karena hegemoni militer semakin kuat dan mengakar, maka upaya reformasi Thailand sebagaimana reformasi Indonesia tahun 1998 sangat sulit diwujudkan.<\/p>\n

Bahkan, meskipun kaum muda memenangkan pemilu pada 14 Mei 2023 melalui Partai Move Forward yang dipimpin oleh Pita Limjaroenrat. Partai ini berhasil memenangkan suara terbanyak dalam pemilihan umum. Meskipun menang dalam jumlah kursi DPR, Pita Limjaroenrat gagal menjadi Perdana Menteri karena dijegal oleh para senator yang ditunjuk oleh militer dan elite konservatif di parlemen, sehingga MFP akhirnya tersingkir dari koalisi pembentukan pemerintahan.<\/p>\n

Dinamika politik nasional Thailand yang sangat labil hari ini, hal itu diindikasikan dengan merumuskan rancangan konstitusi yang memihak militer, contohnya 2006 dan 2014, junta militer membubarkan konstitusi lama dan menyusun konstitusi baru yang melemahkan institusi sipil. Konstitusi 2017 yang dirancang oleh junta di bawah Jenderal Prayuth Chan-ocha secara struktural menjamin kontrol militer atas politik dengan mengontrol Kontrol Senat, Militer berhak menunjuk langsung 250 anggota Senat (Majelis Tinggi). Selanjutnya Hak Suara Memilih Perdana Menteri dimana Anggota Senat bentukan militer ini diberi hak untuk ikut memilih Perdana Menteri bersama Majelis Rendah hasil pemilu. Akibatnya, partai sipil yang memenangkan suara mayoritas di pemilu dapat dengan mudah diblokir untuk membentuk pemerintahan.<\/p>\n

Pengaruh lainnya Mengubah suasana demokrasi sebatas \"Prosedural\", Pemilihan umum di Thailand sering kali direkayasa agar hanya menjadi kedok legitimasi internasional bagi kekuasaan junta. Meskipun pemilu diselenggarakan (seperti pada 2019 dan 2023), aturan pemilu dibuat sedemikian rupa untuk menguntungkan partai politik sayap militer seperti Palang Pracharat, hasilnya kualitas pemilu kehilangan substansi demokrasi yang adil.<\/p>\n

Perilaku demokrasi yang tidak fair ditunjukkan dengan menggunakan Institusi Yudisial untuk Membubarkan Oposisi. Junta militer menggunakan pengaruhnya melalui aliansi dengan lembaga yudisial dan Mahkamah Konstitusi untuk menyingkirkan lawan politik. Partai-partai oposisi populer yang didukung oleh anak muda dan masyarakat sipil, seperti Thai Raksa Chart, Future Forward Party (FFP) pada 2019, hingga pembatasan terhadap Move Forward Party (MFP) setelah Pemilu 2023, secara sistematis dibubarkan dengan dakwaan hukum yang kontroversial.<\/p>\n

Maka, Demokrasi yang berlaku di Thailand saat ini sangat buruk, kita dapat menyatakan bahwa demokrasi hari ini telah melakukan Pembatasan Hak Sipil dan kebebasan berpendapat, kebebasan berbicara, kebebasan pers, dan aktivitas politik sipil sangat dibatasi. Aktivis pro-demokrasi kerap menghadapi represi, penangkapan sewenang-wenang atas tuduhan hasutan (sedisi), serta penggunaan undang-undang keras seperti Pasal 112 (L\u00e8se-Majest\u00e9) untuk membungkam kritik terhadap monarki dan aliansi militernya.<\/p>\n

Dialog Bangkok \u2013 Patani<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kondisi demokrasi yang digambarkan diatas maka mempengaruhi perundingan perdamaian antara Pemerintah Thailand dan Barisan Revolusi Nasional (BRN). Jika politik Nasional Thailand dipengaruhi junta militer maka kebijakan untuk penyelenggaraan dialog juga tidak lepas daripada pengaruh junta militer.<\/p>\n

Maka, sejauh ini, pola penyelesaian konflik di Thailand Selatan masih dipengaruhi oleh Pendekatan Keamanan dan Militeristik: Pemerintah junta sering kali melihat konflik di Thailand Selatan sebagai masalah keamanan dan kriminalitas, bukan masalah politik atau identitas lokal. Ini membuat pendekatan represif dan operasi militer lebih sering digunakan daripada dialog damai yang inklusif. Selanjutnya, pendekatan yang dilakukan juga Sentralisasi dan Kebijakan Asimilasi, Pemerintah pusat di bawah pengaruh militer kerap memegang kebijakan trinitas lama (Satu Bangsa Thai, Satu Agama Buddha, dan Tunduk kepada Raja), yang menyulitkan pengakuan budaya, bahasa Melayu, dan otonomi bagi mayoritas Muslim Patani.<\/p>\n

Kondisi diatas maka menyebabkan proses perundingan berlangsung secara Ketidakkonsistenan Perundingan, ditunjukkan dengan setiap kali terjadi kudeta atau pergantian kepemimpinan militer\/junta, tim perunding damai sering kali dirombak. Hal ini membuat negosiasi dengan kelompok pemberontak seperti BRN (Barisan Revolusi Nasional) dan faksi PULO terputus di tengah jalan dan harus dimulai dari awal.<\/p>\n

Terakhir, Pemerintah Thailand saat ini meskipun melakukan dialog namun hal itu semata untuk menunjukkan pada dunia internasional bahwa mereka memiliki political will untuk menyelesaikan konflik di Patani secara damai. Kondisi demikian sangat tidak fair, maka untuk menyelesaikan konflik Patani-Bangkok, maka langkah strategis kembali ke tahun 1909 dimana Inggris melakukan campur tangannya melalui Anglo Siam Treaty, maka Pemerintah Inggris hari ini dapat bertanggung jawab mengembalikan tanah Patani pada rakyat Patani.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

By Maun Kagawasan. The politics of the military junta and the change of regime in Thailand greatly influenced the direction of resolving the separatist conflict in the southern regions (Patani, Yala, Narathiwat, and part of Songkhla). The political influence of the military Junta on the settlement of the conflict between Bangkok-Patani resulted in inconsistent political will of the Thai government. On the one hand agreed to dialogue, open and back lanes, but on the other hand during the dialogue the Thai government delegation did not want to acknowledge every issue that was discussed and agreed. Such conditions, influenced by dualism views of conflict resolution in southern Thailand between the civilian government dominated by the military influence increasingly strong influence of the junta. Thailand has a long history of Junta, military junta and coup in Thailand began after the Siamese Revolution of 1932, changing the system of government from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy. From then on, the military became a very dominant political actor and repeatedly took power. Further years 1947-1957: the military launched a series of coups under figures such as Rear Admiral Thawan Thamrongnawasawat, General Phibunsongkhram (silent coup 1951), to General Sarit Thanarat in 1957. Then …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":282,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13,16],"tags":[42,22,24],"class_list":["post-281","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-opinion","category-patani","tag-junta","tag-patani","tag-thailand"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nThai Junta Politics influence the Conflict Resolution process in Patani - pamorte.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/pamorte.com\/id\/read\/thai-junta-politics-patani-conflict\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Thai Junta Politics influence the Conflict Resolution process in Patani - pamorte.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"By Maun Kagawasan. The politics of the military junta and the change of regime in Thailand greatly influenced the direction of resolving the separatist conflict in the southern regions (Patani, Yala, Narathiwat, and part of Songkhla). The political influence of the military Junta on the settlement of the conflict between Bangkok-Patani resulted in inconsistent political will of the Thai government. On the one hand agreed to dialogue, open and back lanes, but on the other hand during the dialogue the Thai government delegation did not want to acknowledge every issue that was discussed and agreed. Such conditions, influenced by dualism views of conflict resolution in southern Thailand between the civilian government dominated by the military influence increasingly strong influence of the junta. Thailand has a long history of Junta, military junta and coup in Thailand began after the Siamese Revolution of 1932, changing the system of government from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy. From then on, the military became a very dominant political actor and repeatedly took power. Further years 1947-1957: the military launched a series of coups under figures such as Rear Admiral Thawan Thamrongnawasawat, General Phibunsongkhram (silent coup 1951), to General Sarit Thanarat in 1957. 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